Substantive paragraphs
15.
Alternative 1
A shared vision for long-term cooperative action should be comprehensive and include mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology and capacity-building as well as sustainable development. It should guide short- and medium-term action on adaptation and mitigation and recognize the strong link between them as well as the cross-cutting role played by financing, technology transfer and capacitybuilding, thus galvanizing greater attention and efforts towards adaptation at all levels to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change and to assist in building sustainable [and climate-resilient] [and climate-compatible] development. Failure to implement ambitious and immediate mitigation actions by developed country Parties will increase the need for adaptation in [all developing countries, [particularly]] [the most vulnerable countries], and therefore for financial support. At the same time, increased financial support and technology transfer to developing countries will help these countries in their implementation of NAMAs.
Alternative 2
The shared vision is to establish a global approach to addressing climate change through enhancing action by all countries to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases and to provide adequate support for countries vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Actions taken shall play a significant role in ensuring that global greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are stabilized as far below 350 parts per million of carbon dioxide equivalent as possible, with temperature increases limited to as far below 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels as possible. Action taken shall make a major contribution towards moving to a low greenhouse gas emission society that is compatible with sustainable development objectives and consistent with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The right to survival of all nations is a paramount objective.
Alternative 3
The shared vision for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emissions reductions, integrates the four building blocks of the Bali Action Plan in a comprehensive and balanced manner, that would enhance the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, and achieve its objective as set out in Article 2 of the Convention, including its ultimate objective and the parameters for the achievement of this ultimate objective, that is to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner and to this end, shall:
(a) Fully recognize that the shared vision is to be pursued in accordance with the provisions and principles of the Convention (para. 1 (a) of the BAP), as contained in its Article 3, in particular Article 3.1 (protection of the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities) and 3.3, and shall take into account social and economic conditions and other relevant factors through the full consideration of the economic and social impacts on developing countries, including impacts on the eradication of poverty, of any long-term global goal for emissions reductions;
(b) Recognize the right to, and the promotion of, sustainable development, as stated in Article 3.4 of the Convention, taking into account that economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate change;
(c) Address all the implementation gaps to enable full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, now, up to and beyond 2012, on mitigation and adaptation commitments, and in particular those related to the provision of financial resources (Article 4.3) and to the promotion and transfer of technology (Article 4.5), in the context of Article 4.7 of the Convention;
(d) Give urgent and equal weight to action on adaptation and mitigation and fully implement all relevant Articles of the Convention, recognizing that as developed country Parties fail to meet their mitigation commitments, the costs of adaptation for developing country Parties would significantly increase, and fully implement Article 4.4 of the Convention;
(e) Envision a long-term goal which successfully integrates the means of implementation (technology, financing and capacity-building) to enable and support mitigation and adaptation actions of developing country Parties (Article 4.7), and one that would demonstrate that developed countries are taking the lead in modifying longer-term trends in anthropogenic emissions consistent with the objective of the Convention (Article 4.2 (a)) through effective mechanisms and institutional arrangements.
Alternative 4
The agreement on the shared vision for long-term cooperative action should address all aspects of the Bali Action Plan and form the basis of a framework decision by the Conference of the Parties (COP), the scope of which should include:
(a) The guiding principles and objective of the agreed outcome, including the scientific basis for decision-making;
(b) The quantified global goal of greenhouse gas emissions reductions agreed upon, for the short term (2020) and the long term (2050), with the associated stabilization levels of greenhouse gases and global mean temperature rises. It should also include the year of maximum global emissions and the differentiated contribution to the goal by all the groups of countries, Parties to the Convention and be led by developed countries;
(c) The institutional framework and the contribution of the different groups of countries to the integration, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the cooperative action on mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing.
The guiding principles of the Convention should support subparagraphs (b) and (c) above, in terms of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, historical responsibilities in greenhouse gas emissions and the related historical ecological debt generated by the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions since 1750 and the most recent scientific information. The objective of the shared vision should be expressed as guidance to integrate the global cooperative action to enable the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, from now, up to and beyond 2012. The previous should be linked to a series of more specific and mutually coherent agreements on mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing issues, which should be included in a series of COP decisions so as to complement the framework decision on the shared vision.
Alternative 5
Deep cuts in global emissions by developed country parties in accordance with their historical responsibilities, as well as the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities, will be required to prevent dangerous interference with the climate system and achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention. Early and urgent action to this end is necessary.
Further delay by developed country parties in implementing their commitments to reduce emissions will increase their climate debt to the developing countries and significantly constrain opportunities to achieve lower stabilization levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and increase the risk of more severe climate change impacts.
Annex I Parties shall ensure that aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated to reflect the full extent of their historical climate debt taking into account:
(a) Responsibility of Annex I Parties, individually and jointly, for current atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases;
(b) The historical and current per-capita emissions originating in developed countries;
(c) Technological, financial and institutional capacities;
(d) The share of global emissions required by developing countries in order to meet their social and economic development needs, to eradicate poverty and to achieve the right to development.
The difference between the assigned total amounts of Annex I Parties and their actual domestic amounts of GHG emissions shall be quantified as an increase in their emissions debt and shall provide the basis of fulfillment by Annex I Parties of their commitments to provide financing, technology and compensation to developing countries for mitigating and adapting to climate change.
In light of a shared vision based on historic responsibility/debt Annex I Parties shall provide new and additional financial resources to meet the full costs incurred by developing country Parties of meeting their commitments, towards the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention.
Alternative 6
Annex I Parties shall ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated to reflect the full extent of their historical responsibility and an equitable allocation of the global atmospheric resource, and taking into account:
(a) Responsibility of Annex I Parties, individually and jointly, for current atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases;
(b) The historical and current per-capita emissions originating in developed countries;
(c) Technological, financial and institutional capacities;
(d) The share of global emissions required by developing countries in order to meet their social and economic development needs, to eradicate poverty and to achieve the right to development.
