Implementation of adaptation actions
10. To enhance adaptation action at national level, all Parties, in line with a country-driven approach and taking into account local and national adaptation plans, as well as gender and ecosystem considerations, [shall] [should] [may] implement specific programmes, projects, activities, strategies and measures, including:1
(a) In the short-term:
(i) Action identified in NAPAs and other relevant plans and strategies;
(ii) Undertaking sound impact, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, to include costs and benefits, at all appropriate levels, using a range of decision-making tools and methodologies;
(iii) Assessing, reducing, managing and sharing urgent and immediate, short-, medium- and long-term risks associated with climate change, including through, inter alia, early warning systems, incorporation of risk management and disaster risk reduction, insurance-related activities [, implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action] [, and activities addressing loss and damage from the adverse effects of climate change, such as those arising from extreme weather events and gradual changes];
(iv) Enhancing, supporting and promoting traditional adaptation methods that have been implemented successfully in the past;2
(b) In the medium-term:
(i) Action identified in poverty reduction strategies, national communications, technology needs assessments, integrated climate territorial plans and other relevant strategies, including rural development strategies;
(ii) Action to build resilience and enhance adaptive capacity to climate variability and change in economic development activities and institutions, including through economic diversification;
(c) In the long-term: action identified in national sustainable development strategies.
11. To enhance adaptation action at regional level, all Parties [shall] [should] [may] implement specific programmes, projects, activities, strategies and measures, including coordinated adaptation action where appropriate, especially between countries with shared natural resources, aimed at enhancing collective adaptation action without compromising the sovereignty of countries.
12. To enhance adaptation action at international level, all Parties [shall] [should] [may] implement specific programmes, projects, activities, strategies and measures, including:
(a) Enhancing the scope of activities undertaken under the Nairobi work programme, building upon its outcomes and lessons learned, with a view to promoting understanding of impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and developing it into a hub of knowledge and information sharing and capacity-building;3
(b) Establishing a three-year cooperative work programme to provide a bridge between short-term action and medium- and long-term action, with a view to:
(i) Catalysing rapid learning about adaptation good practice by supporting enhanced implementation of projects, programmes and policies in vulnerable regions, sectors, communities and ecosystems within all developing countries;
(ii) Supporting the implementation of NAPAs and their preparation where appropriate;
(iii) Strengthening observation systems, creating databases for climate data, and undertaking downscaling and targeted capacity-building for long-term planning;
(iv) Encouraging projects related to microinsurance and global risk pooling;
(c) Activities related to national, regional and international migration and displacement or planned relocation of persons affected by climate change, while acknowledging the need to identify modalities of inter-state cooperation to respond to the needs of affected populations who either cross an international frontier as a result of, or find themselves abroad and are unable to return owing to, the effects of climate change;
(d) [Action identified in decisions 5/CP.7 and 1/CP.10].
(e) [Action to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing countries identified in Article 4.8 and 4.9 of the Convention;]4
