Right to development
1. Recognizing that the right to development is a basic human right that is undeprivable.
2. Recalling that economic and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of the developing countries.
3. Recognizing that the right to development of developing countries shall be adequately and effectively respected and ensured in the process of global common efforts in fighting against climate change.
Objective, ambition, vulnerability and urgency to act
4. Enhanced national/international action on mitigation of climate change [should/shall] be pursued with the aim of achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
5. Parties acknowledge that enhanced action on mitigation is urgently required to ensure the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would minimize negative impacts on the most vulnerable States, particularly small island developing States and the least developed countries.
6. Parties acknowledge that global efforts must be ambitious, must reflect the urgency of our collective endeavours and must be consistent with a mitigation pathway that safeguards the most vulnerable from the adverse impacts of climate change.
Relationship between mitigation and adaptation
7. Noting that mitigation and adaptation efforts should be given equal consideration.
8. Ambitious and early mitigation commitments are critical for adaptation. Poor mitigation commitments and actions will impose a higher demand on adaptation measures and will require additional funding.
Enhanced action on mitigation: what is common and what is different
9. Recognizing that largest share of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere are originated from developed countries.
10. All Parties [should/shall] contribute towards the ultimate objective of the Convention, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, taking into account their historical responsibility and mitigation potential as determined by their respective national circumstances, social and economic conditions and other relevant factors highlighted in Articles 4.8, 4.9 and 4.10 of the Convention, including their access to alternative energy.
11. Given their historical responsibility and development level and based on the principle of equality,developed country Parties shall have deeper cuts in their GHG emissions so as to ensure adequate spaces for developing countries to achieve their goals of substantive development and eradication of poverty.
Developing countries should take nationally appropriate mitigation actions in the context of development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building from developed countries.
12. Provisions of the Conventions reflected a distinct Developed and Developing CountriesÂ’
obligations on actions on mitigation based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, with developed countries should take the lead on such actions.
13. Mitigation commitments by developed countries are distinct from mitigation actions by
developing countries in the following way:
(a) Mitigation commitments by all developed countries are legally binding economy wide
and absolute quantified emission reduction commitments;
(b) Mitigation actions by developing countries are voluntary and nationally appropriate
actions, supported and enabled by technology, finance and capacity-building, which
reduce or avoid emissions relative to baseline.
14. In addition to the principles outlined in Article 3 of the Convention, the Parties shall be guided,
inter alia, by the following:
(a) Developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the
adverse effects thereof;
(b) All Parties should contribute to the global effort to combat climate change, in accordance
with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities a spectrum of effort is envisaged;
(c) All Parties should aim to undertake a similar level of effort to others at a similar level of
development and with similar national circumstances;
(d) Those Parties whose national circumstances reflect greater responsibility or capability
should make a greater contribution to the global effort.
