Annex1
Proposed text on international bunker fuels by the facilitator of the subgroup on paragraph 1 (b) (iv) of the Bali Action Plan (Cooperative sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions)
[International bunker fuels:
[Cluster 1]2
1. [Multilateral collaborative action would be the most appropriate means to address emissions from international aviation and the maritime transport sector.][Taking into account the interests of developing countries,] [all sectors of the economy[, in particular those of Annex I Parties,]] [all Parties][developed country Parties][Parties][Annex I Parties][shall] [should] pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively.]
2. [In so doing, ICAO and IMO shall be guided by the relevant dispositions and principles of the UNFCCC, in particular the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities and capabilities, and the promotion of a supportive and open international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development in all Parties, in particular developing country Parties. In this way, the adoption of measures that could convert into disguised restrictions to international trade should be prevented, and the special economic and social conditions of developing countries should be taken into account.]
3. [The International Maritime Organization shall be encouraged to continue without delay its activities for the development of policies and measures to reduce GHG emissions, and specifically:
(a) [To achieve, through the use of its policies and mechanisms, total GHG emission reductions which are at least as ambitious as the total GHG emission reductions under the Convention;]
[To establish an ambitious global goal for the reduction or limitation of greenhouse gas emissions from ships to be achieved through the implementation of its policies and measures;]
(b) [To report regularly to the COP [and its subsidiary bodies as appropriate] on relevant activities, emission estimates and achievements in this respect;]
(c) [To report to the COP [at its seventeenth session] on policies, established measures, measures under development, and expected emission reductions resulting from these measures.]]3
[Cluster 2]
4. [The Parties [shall] [should] [take the necessary action to] pursue a global reduction [target] of [X per cent] below [year XXXX] levels for emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from international aviation bunker fuels and [Y per cent] below [year XXXX] levels for emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from international marine bunker fuels in the commitment period [20XX to 20XX]. Units from existing and potential new flexibility mechanisms may contribute towards achieving these targets.]
5. [Parties shall work through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization to enable effective international agreements to achieve these targets to be approved by 2011. Such agreements should not lead to competitive distortions or carbon leakage. Parties shall assess progress in the implementation of this work, and take action to advance it, as appropriate.]
[Cluster 3]
6. [The Parties should commence negotiations on two global sectoral agreements to address, respectively, international aviation and maritime emissions in 2010 with a view to concluding by COP 17 in 2011, taking into account work already done in ICAO and IMO.]
[Cluster 4]
7. [Noting that emissions from international aviation and maritime transport cannot be attributed to a particular economy, any unilateral, regional or multilateral measures taken by developed country Parties to reduce emissions from these sectors shall be taken through ICAO and IMO, and shall be taken on the basis of mutual consent of all parties involved in and affected by these measures; [the involvement of developing countries shall remain voluntary]. In this regard, such measures should not constitute discrimination or disguised restrictions to international trade [taking into account national circumstances.]]
8. [Revenue from the implementation of such policy instruments [should][shall] be made available to support climate change adaptation and mitigation (NAMAs) in developing countries and furthermore that traffic on routes to and from SIDS and LDCs should be exempted.]]
